영어 영문 필사 자료실

The ancients called beauty the flowering of virtue. Who can analyze the nameless charm which glances from one and another face and form? We are touched with emotions of tenderness and complacency, but we cannot find whereat this dainty emotion, this wandering gleam, points. It is destroyed for the imagination by any attempt to refer it to organization. Nor does it point to any relations of friendship or love known and described in society, but, as it seems to me, to a quite other and unattainable sphere, to relations of transcendent delicacy and sweetness, to what roses and violets hint and fore-show. We cannot approach beauty. Its nature is like opaline doves'-neck lustres, hovering and evanescent. Herein it resembles the most excellent things, which all have this rainbow character, defying all attempts at appropriation and use. What else did Jean Paul Richter signify, when he said to music, "Away! away! thou speakest to me of things which in all my endless life I have not found, and shall not find." The same fluency may be observed in every work of the plastic arts. The statue is then beautiful when it begins to be incomprehensible, when it is passing out of criticism, and can no longer be defined by compass and measuring-wand, but demands an active imagination to go with it, and to say what it is in the act of doing. The god or hero of the sculptor is always represented in a transition from that which is representable to the senses, to that which is not. Then first it ceases to be a stone. The same remark holds of painting. And of poetry, the success is not attained when it lulls and satisfies, but when it astonishes and fires us with new endeavours after the unattainable. Concerning it, Landor inquires "whether it is not to be referred to some purer state of sensation and existence."

virtue : 선, 선행 / 미덕, 덕목

complacency : 현 상태에 만족함, 안주 

dainty : 앙증맞은 (=delicate) / 조심스러운, 얌전한 (=delicate) 

gleam : (흔히 어디에 반사된) 어슴푸레한, 흐릿한

transcendent : 초월하는, 초월적인, 탁월한 

delicacy : 여림, 연약함 

violet : 제비꽃, 바이올렛 

fore-show : 예고[예언]하다, 예시하다, …의 전조를 보이다 

opaline : 오팔 같은, 유백광을 내는 

lustre : 윤(기), 광택 (=sheen) / (특별함을 부여하는) 빛 (→lacklustre) 

evanescent : 쉬이 사라지는, 덧없는, 무상한 

incomprehensible : 이해할 수 없는 (↔comprehensible), (=unintelligible) 

wand : 지팡이

cease : 중단되다, 그치다, 중단시키다 (→cessation) 

In like manner, personal beauty is then first charming and itself, when it dissatisfies us with any end; when it becomes a story without an end; when it suggests gleams and visions, and not earthly satisfactions; when it makes the beholder feel his unworthiness; when he cannot feel his right to it, though he were Caesar; he cannot feel more right to it than to the firmament and the splendors of a sunset.

beholder : 보는 사람, 구경꾼(spectator)

firmament : [옛글투 또는 문예체] 창공, 하늘 

splendor : 훌륭함, 장려(壯麗), 화려함 / (명성 등의) 현저, 탁월, 영예, 영광 / 빛남, 광휘, 광채(brilliance) 

Hence arose the saying, "If I love you, what is that to you?" We say so, because we feel that what we love is not in your will, but above it. It is not you, but your radiance. It is that which you know not in yourself, and can never know.

radiance : (행복감·건강 등이 얼굴에 나타나는) 빛[광채] / (따스하고 밝은) 빛[광휘] 

"Thou art not gone being gone, where'er thou art,

Thou leav'st in him thy watchful eyes, in him thy loving heart." [John Donne]

In the noon and the afternoon of life we still throb at the recollection of days when happiness was not happy enough, but must be drugged with the relish of pain and fear; for he touched the secret of the matter, who said of love,--

throb : 욱신거리다, 지끈거리다 

recollection : 기억

drugged with : ~에 취한, ~에 중독된

relish : (큰) 즐거움[기쁨] 

"All other pleasures are not worth its pains";

and when the day was not long enough, but the night, too, must be consumed in keen recollections; when the head boiled all night on the pillow with the generous deed it resolved on; when the moonlight was a pleasing fever, and the stars were letters, and the flowers ciphers, and the air was coined into song; when all business seemed an impertinence, and all the men and women running to and fro in the streets, mere pictures.

keen : 날카로운, 예리한

resolve on : …를 하겠다고 결정[결심]하다. 

cipher : 암호

impertinence : 건방짐, 뻔뻔함, 주제넘게 굴기, 무례, 버릇없음

The passion rebuilds the world for the youth. It makes all things alive and significant. Nature grows conscious. Every bird on the boughs of the tree sings now to his heart and soul. The notes are almost articulate. The clouds have faces as he looks on them. The trees of the forest, the waving grass, and the peeping flowers have grown intelligent; and he almost fears to trust them with the secret which they seem to invite. Yet nature soothes and sympathizes. In the green solitude he finds a dearer home than with men.

bough : 가지

articulate : (생각느낌을) 잘[분명히] 표현하는 

peeping : 기웃기웃

"Fountain-heads and pathless groves,

Places which pale passion loves,

Moonlight walks, when all the fowls

Are safely housed, save bats and owls,

A midnight bell, a passing groan,--

These are the sounds we feed upon." [Fletcher]

fowl : 가금, 새

groan : 신음

Behold there in the wood the fine madman! He is a palace of sweet sounds and sights; he dilates; he is twice a man; he walks with arms akimbo; he soliloquizes; he accosts the grass and the trees; he feels the blood of the violet, the clover, and the lily in his veins; and he talks with the brook that wets his foot.

dilate : 확장[팽창]하다[시키다], 키우다[커지다] (↔contract) 

akimbo : 손을 허리에 대고 팔꿈치를 양 옆으로 펴고 

soliloquize : 혼잣말을 하다, [연극] 독백하다 

accost : (특히 위협적으로) 다가가 말을 걸다 

The heats that have opened his perceptions of natural beauty have made him love music and verse. It is a fact often observed, that men have written good verses under the inspiration of passion, who cannot write well under any other circumstances.

perception : 지각, 자각 / 통찰력

inspiration : 영감

The like force has the passion over all his nature. It expands the sentiment; it makes the clown gentle, and gives the coward heart. Into the most pitiful and abject it will infuse a heart and courage to defy the world, so only it have the countenance of the beloved object. In giving him to another, it still more gives him to himself. He is a new man, with new perceptions, new and keener purposes, and a religious solemnity of character and aims. He does not longer appertain to his family and society; _he_ is somewhat; he is a person; he is a soul.

sentiment : 정서, 감정

pitiful : 측은한, 가련한 (=pathetic) 

infuse : (특정한 특성을) 불어넣다[스미게 하다] 

defy : (권위·법률·규칙 등에) 반항[저항/거역]하다 / 믿기, 설명하기, 묘사하기 등이 (거의) 불가능하다 

countenance : 얼굴 (표정)

solemnity : 침통함, 근엄함, 엄숙함 

appertain to : ~에 속하다, 관계되다 / ~에 적절하다

And here let us examine a little nearer the nature of that influence which is thus potent over the human youth. Beauty, whose revelation to man we now celebrate, welcome as the sun wherever it pleases to shine, which pleases everybody with it and with themselves, seems sufficient to itself. The lover cannot paint his maiden to his fancy poor and solitary. Like a tree in flower, so much soft, budding, informing love-liness is society for itself, and she teaches his eye why Beauty was pictured with Loves and Graces attending her steps. Her existence makes the world rich. Though she extrudes all other persons from his attention as cheap and unworthy, she indemnifies him by carrying out her own being into somewhat impersonal, large, mundane, so that the maiden stands to him for a representative of all select things and virtues. For that reason, the lover never sees personal resemblances in his mistress to her kindred or to others. His friends find in her a likeness to her mother, or her sisters, or to persons not of her blood. The lover sees no resemblance except to summer evenings and diamond mornings, to rainbows and the song of birds.

potent : (사람의 심신에 미치는 영향이) 강한[강력한] 

maiden : 처녀, 아가씨

solitary : (다른 사람 없이) 혼자 하는 / 혼자 있기를 좋아하는, 혼자서 잘 지내는 

budding : 싹트기 시작하는 / 신예의

extrude : (무엇을 압력을 가하여) 밀어내다, 밀려 나가다 

indemnify : 배상[보상]을 약속하다 

impersonal : 인간미 없는, 비인격적인

mundane : 재미없는, 일상적인

resemblance : 닮음, 비슷함, 유사함

kindred : 일가친척

The strong bent of nature is seen in the proportion which this topic of personal relations usurps in the conversation of society. What do we wish to know of any worthy person so much, as how he has sped in the history of this sentiment? What books in the circulating libraries circulate? How we glow over these novels of passion, when the story is told with any spark of truth and nature! And what fastens attention, in the intercourse of life, like any passage betraying affection between two parties? Perhaps we never saw them before, and never shall meet them again. But we see them exchange a glance, or betray a deep emotion, and we are no longer strangers. We understand them, and take the warmest interest in the development of the romance. All mankind love a lover. The earliest demonstrations of complacency and kindness are nature's most winning pictures. It is the dawn of civility and grace in the coarse and rustic. The rude village boy teases the girls about the school-house door;--but today he comes running into the entry, and meets one fair child disposing her satchel; he holds her books to help her, and instantly it seems to him as if she removed herself from him infinitely, and was a sacred precinct.

bent : 소질, 취향 

usurp : (왕좌·권좌 등을) 빼앗다, 찬탈하다

sped : speed의 과거, 과거분사

intercourse : (사람들·국가들 등 사이의) 교류, 교제, 소통 

complacency : 현 상태에 만족함, 안주 

coarse : 거친 (↔smooth, soft) 

rustic : 투박한

disposing : 처리, 처분

satchel : (아이들이 어깨에 메는) 책가방 

precinct : 구역

Among the throng of girls he runs rudely enough, but one alone distances him; and these two little neighbours, that were so close just now, have learned to respect each other's personality. Or who can avert his eyes from the engaging, half-artful, half-artless ways of school-girls who go into the country shops to buy a skein of silk or a sheet of paper, and talk half an hour about nothing with the broad-faced, good-natured shop-boy. In the village they are on a perfect equality, which love delights in, and without any coquetry the happy, affectionate nature of woman flows out in this pretty gossip. The girls may have little beauty, yet plainly do they establish between them and the good boy the most agreeable, confiding relations, what with their fun and their earnest, about Edgar, and Jonas, and Almira, and who was invited to the party, and who danced at the dancing-school, and when the singing-school would begin, and other nothings concerning which the parties cooed. By and by that boy wants a wife, and very truly and heartily will he know where to find a sincere and sweet mate, without any risk such as Milton deplores as incident to scholars and great men.

throng : 인파, 군중

skein : (실·털실의) 타래 

coquetry : 교태

affectionate : 다정한, 애정 어린 (= loving)

confiding : 신뢰를 나타내는, 은밀한 

coo : 속삭이다, 도란거리다

deplore : (특히 공개적으로) 개탄하다

I have been told, that in some public discourses of mine my reverence for the intellect has made me unjustly cold to the personal relations. But now I almost shrink at the remembrance of such disparaging words. For persons are love's world, and the coldest philosopher cannot recount the debt of the young soul wandering here in nature to the power of love, without being tempted to unsay, as treasonable to nature, aught derogatory to the social instincts. For, though the celestial rapture falling out of heaven seizes only upon those of tender age, and although a beauty overpowering all analysis or comparison, and putting us quite beside ourselves, we can seldom see after thirty years, yet the remembrance of these visions outlasts all other remembrances, and is a wreath of flowers on the oldest brows. But here is a strange fact; it may seem to many men, in revising their experience, that they have no fairer page in their life's book than the delicious memory of some passages wherein affection contrived to give a witchcraft surpassing the deep attraction of its own truth to a parcel of accidental and trivial circumstances.

reverence : 숭배

disparaging : 얕보는, 험담하는, 비난하는 

recount : 이야기하다, 말하다

treasonable : 반역의, 대역의, 배신의

derogatory : 경멸하는, 비판적인 (= insulting) 

rapture : 환희, 황홀

outlast : ~보다 더 오래 가다, 계속하다

brow : (언덕) 꼭대기, 등성이 

revise : 변경하다, 수정하다

contrive : 용케(어떻게든) ~하다 

In looking backward, they may find that several things which were not the charm have more reality to this groping memory than the charm itself which embalmed them. But be our experience in particulars what it may, no man ever forgot the visitations of that power to his heart and brain, which created all things new; which was the dawn in him of music, poetry, and art; which made the face of nature radiant with purple light, the morning and the night varied enchantments; when a single tone of one voice could make the heart bound, and the most trivial circumstance associated with one form is put in the amber of memory; when he became all eye when one was present, and all memory when one was gone; when the youth becomes a watcher of windows, and studious of a glove, a veil, a ribbon, or the wheels of a carriage; when no place is too solitary, and none too silent, for him who has richer company and sweeter conversation in his new thoughts, than any old friends, though best and purest, can give him; for the figures, the motions, the words of the beloved object are not like other images written in water, but, as Plutarch said, "enamelled in fire," and make the study of midnight.

groping : 손으로 더듬는, 암중모색하는 

embalm : 방부 처리를 하다

enchantment : 황홀감

amber : (보석류) 호박

studious : 공부를 열심히 하는, 학구적인 (= scholarly) 

solitary : 혼자 하는

enamelled : 에나멜을 씌운

ESSAY V Love

Every promise of the soul has innumerable fulfilments; each of its joys ripens into a new want. Nature, uncontainable, flowing, forelooking, in the first sentiment of kindness anticipates already a benevolence which shall lose all particular regards in its general light. The introduction to this felicity is in a private and tender relation of one to one, which is the enchantment of human life; which, like a certain divine rage and enthusiasm, seizes on man at one period, and works a revolution in his mind and body; unites him to his race, pledges him to the domestic and civic relations, carries him with new sympathy into nature, enhances the power of the senses, opens the imagination, adds to his character heroic and sacred attributes, establishes marriage, and gives permanence to human society.

innumerable : 셀 수 없는, 무수한 (= countless)

fulfilment : 실천, 실행, 완성, 달성, 성취

forelooking : 미리 보기 (= preview)

benevolence : 자비심, 박애 / 자선, 선행

felicity : 더할 나위없는 행복 / 절묘하게 어울림

enchantment : 황홀감 / 마법에 걸린 상태

pledge : 약속하다, 맹세하다, 서약하다

The natural association of the sentiment of love with the heyday of the blood seems to require, that in order to portray it in vivid tints, which every youth and maid should confess to be true to their throbbing experience, one must not be too old. The delicious fancies of youth reject the least savour of a mature philosophy, as chilling with age and pedantry their purple bloom. And, therefore, I know I incur the imputation of unnecessary hardness and stoicism from those who compose the Court and Parliament of Love. But from these formidable censors I shall appeal to my seniors. For it is to be considered that this passion of which we speak, though it begin with the young, yet forsakes not the old, or rather suffers no one who is truly its servant to grow old, but makes the aged participators of it, not less than the tender maiden, though in a different and nobler sort. For it is a fire that, kindling its first embers in the narrow nook of a private bosom, caught from a wandering spark out of another private heart, glows and enlarges until it warms and beams upon multitudes of men and women, upon the universal heart of all, and so lights up the whole world and all nature with its generous flames. It matters not, therefore, whether we attempt to describe the passion at twenty, at thirty, or at eighty years. He who paints it at the first period will lose some of its later, he who paints it at the last, some of its earlier traits. Only it is to be hoped that, by patience and the Muses' aid, we may attain to that inward view of the law, which shall describe a truth ever young and beautiful, so central that it shall commend itself to the eye, at whatever angle beholden.

heyday : 전성기, 한장 때 (= prime)

throbbing : 두근거리는, 고동치는, 약동하는

pedantry : 지나치게 규칙을 찾음

incur : (좋지 못한 것을) 초래하다, 발생시키다

imputation : (죄 등을) 돌림, 전가 (= accusation) / 비난, 비방, 오명

stoicism : 극기(심), 금욕 / 스토아 철학

kindling : 불쏘시개

ember : (장작·숯이 타다 남은) 잉걸불

nook : (아늑하고 조용한) 곳, 구석

bosom : 가슴

inward : 마음 속의 / 안쪽(내부)으로 향한

And the first condition is, that we must leave a too close and lingering adherence to facts, and study the sentiment as it appeared in hope and not in history. For each man sees his own life defaced and disfigured, as the life of man is not, to his imagination. Each man sees over his own experience a certain stain of error, whilst that of other men looks fair and ideal. Let any man go back to those delicious relations which make the beauty of his life, which have given him sincerest instruction and nourishment, he will shrink and moan. Alas! I know not why, but infinite compunctions embitter in mature life the remembrances of budding joy, and cover every beloved name. Every thing is beautiful seen from the point of the intellect, or as truth. But all is sour, if seen as experience. Details are melancholy; the plan is seemly and noble. In the actual world — the painful kingdom of time and place — dwell care, and canker, and fear. With thought, with the ideal, is immortal hilarity, the rose of joy. Round it all the Muses sing. But grief cleaves to names, and persons, and the partial interests of today and yesterday.

lingering : (쉬 끝나거나 사라지지 않고) 오래 가는

adherence : 고수(충실하게 지키는 것)

deface : (특히 무엇의 표면에 글을 쓰거나 그림을 그리거나 하여) 외관을 훼손하다

compunction : 죄책감, 거리낌

embitter : (오랜 시간 동안) 원통하게(쓰라리게) 만들다 

canker : (사회의) 병폐 / (동물의) 궤양

hilarity : 아주 우스움, 재미있음

cleave to : 부착(점착)하다 / 고수하다, ~에 집착하다